Lock nuts are essential components for securing bolted joints against loosening under vibration and dynamic loads. They are designed to provide a prevailing torque, which resists rotation and maintains clamp force in critical applications. Understanding the distinct advantages of lock nuts compared to standard fasteners like the Hexagon Nut is crucial. While a standard Hexagon Nut is used for general-purpose fastening, lock nuts incorporate features such as nylon inserts, deformed threads, or integrated washers to prevent back-off. Similarly, when compared to a Square Nut, which is often used in wood or stamping applications, the lock nut offers superior resistance to rotational forces. For applications requiring a larger bearing surface, a Hexagon Flange Nut can be specified, but a lock nut provides the added security of vibration resistance. In scenarios where a finished appearance or protection from external elements is needed, a Cap Nut might be selected; however, it does not inherently possess the locking mechanism of a dedicated lock nut. Therefore, selecting the correct lock nut is paramount for safety and reliability.
The Lock Nut is engineered with precision to meet stringent industrial standards. Its primary function is to maintain tension in a bolted assembly, preventing spontaneous loosening. Available in various materials, sizes, and locking mechanisms, the Lock Nut can be customized for specific environmental and load requirements. Common types include nylon insert lock nuts, all-metal lock nuts, and serrated flange lock nuts. Each variant of the Lock Nut offers unique benefits, such as reusability, high-temperature performance, or exceptional prevailing torque. The design of the Lock Nut often involves a non-circular shape or an elastic element that deforms slightly upon installation, creating a counter-force against rotation. This makes the Lock Nut indispensable in automotive, aerospace, machinery, and construction industries where joint integrity cannot be compromised.
| Size (Nominal Diameter) | Thread Pitch | Width Across Flats | Height | Prevailing Torque (Min-Max in-lbs) | Proof Load (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M6 | 1.0 mm | 10 mm | 6.5 mm | 20 - 45 | 830 |
| M8 | 1.25 mm | 13 mm | 8.0 mm | 35 - 75 | 830 |
| M10 | 1.5 mm | 17 mm | 10.0 mm | 60 - 120 | 830 |
| M12 | 1.75 mm | 19 mm | 12.0 mm | 100 - 200 | 830 |
| 1/2" | 13 TPI | 3/4" | 0.5" | 150 - 300 | 120,000 psi |