A Coil Spring is a fundamental mechanical component, designed to store and release energy, or to maintain a stable force when deformed. It is typically made of elastic materials - most commonly high-carbon steel, stainless steel, or special alloys - which can stretch, compress, twist, or bend when subjected to external forces, and then return to their original shape once the external forces are removed. This unique elastic property enables it to always play an indispensable and key role in numerous application scenarios covering a wide range of daily necessities and industrial systems.
The most common spring we see is the compression coil spring, which can withstand axial pressure. For example, it is used in pens to push ink and extend the refill, in car suspensions to filter road vibrations, and even in furniture such as recliners, it helps us sit and lie more smoothly. In contrast, tension (pulling) springs work by stretching when a load is applied, used in items such as trampolines (to generate bouncing), seat belts (to ensure tension), and retractable ropes (to pull ropes back). Torsion springs are another key type, which twist around their axis, commonly found in clips (for fixing fabrics) or garage door mechanisms (for assisting in lifting). Beyond these basic types, springs can be customized through adjustments to wire diameter, coil spacing, length, and end configuration to meet specific needs - whether for precision medical equipment (such as insulin pumps, requiring precise force application) or for heavy industrial machinery (such as construction tools, requiring wear resistance). They dissipate energy to reduce vibrations on bicycles, maintain force to keep doors closed, and enable precise control, like a watch.
In summary, Coil Springs are silent masters. They make the items we use daily and the systems that drive cars, aerospace, medicine, and manufacturing complex systems functional, safe, and efficient. Their adaptability and reliability have made them the core component of mechanical design for hundreds of years.